Have you noticed an itchy, scaly, red or discoloured patch of skin and wondered, “Is this a fungal infection?”
Fungal skin infections are common and can affect almost any area of the body, including the feet, groin, scalp, nails, body and face.
But here's the tricky part: not every itchy or irritated rash is fungal.
Eczema, dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, rosacea and other skin conditions can sometimes look similar, making it difficult to know what you're dealing with without an appropriate assessment.
In this guide, we'll explain what fungal skin infections are, common symptoms to look for, the different types of fungal infections, how they're treated, when to see a doctor or dermatologist, and how to care for your skin while it's recovering.
What Is a Fungal Skin Infection?
A fungal skin infection occurs when certain types of fungi grow on or within the skin.
Fungi are microscopic organisms, and some naturally live on our skin without causing any problems. However, under the right conditions, certain fungi can multiply and cause an infection.
There are several different types of fungal skin infections, and the name often depends on where the infection occurs.
What are the Most Common Fungal Skin Infections?
Ringworm of the body (tinea corporis)
Ringworm of the body is a skin infection caused by a fungus. The name comes from its appearance being the small, ring or circle shaped rash.
Athlete's foot (tinea pedis)
Athlete's foot is a contagious fungal infection that affects the skin on the feet. It can also spread to the toenails and the hands.
Jock itch (tinea cruris)
Jock itch belongs to a group of fungal skin infections called tinea. Jock itch is caused by mould-like fungi, which are known as dermatophytes.
Ringworm of the scalp (tinea capitis)
Ringworm of the scalp a highly contagious infection that affects the scalp and hair shafts. It is most common in toddlers and school-age children.
Tinea versicolor
The fungus interferes with the normal pigmentation of the skin, resulting in small, discoloured patches.
Cutaneous candidiasis
Cutaneous candidiasis often causes a red and itchy rash to form. Commonly found in the folds of the skin. This rash may also spread to other areas of the body.
Onychomycosis (tinea unguium)
Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail. Symptoms may include white or yellow nail discolouration, thickening of the nail, and separation of the nail from the nail bed.
What is Fungal Acne?
The term “fungal acne” is commonly used online, but it can be misleading.
What people call fungal acne is often referring to Malassezia folliculitis, a condition involving yeast in hair follicles.
It can look similar to acne but isn't the same condition as conventional acne vulgaris.
People may notice small, relatively uniform bumps, sometimes accompanied by itching, particularly on the forehead, chest, shoulders or back.
However, not every cluster of small bumps is Malassezia folliculitis.
Acne, folliculitis, rosacea, perioral dermatitis and other conditions can produce similar-looking symptoms.
This is another reason why self-diagnosing based solely on social media or online skincare advice can be problematic.
If you're unsure whether you're dealing with acne or a fungal-related condition, professional assessment can help.
Is my Perioral Dermatitis Fungal?
One of the most common causes of perioral dermatitis is the overuse of topical steroid creams and inhaled prescription steroid sprays used in the nose and the mouth. However, perioral dermatitis may also be caused by Candida Albicans. Candida albicans is a yeast, which is a type of fungus that normally lives on the skin and inside the body.
The best way to help perioral dermatitis that may be caused by candida overgrowth is to think about your gut health. Of course, focusing on finding your trigger is very important.
Should I Apply Fungal Creams?
There are several types of antifungal creams available for a fungal rash. Sometimes an antifungal is used in conjunction topicals when two actions are required. For example, some medical professionals may prescribe an antifungal cream used with a mild steroid cream to help certain skin rashes. The theory behind this is that the antifungal cream will clear the infection, and the mild steroid cream reduces the inflammation caused by the infection. However, using a steroid cream can lead to topical steroid withdrawal.
We suggest using the AMPERNA® Soothing Duo with your anti-fungal cream. Our Soothing duo includes our Pro+ DS Soothing Serum, which is a no nasties steroid alternative, it has helped hundreds or people kick their topical steroid addiction.
How Can You Tell the Difference Between a Fungal and Bacterial Skin Issue?
A professional can identify the type of skin infection based on the appearance and location. They may closely examine any bumps and rashes whilst asking about your symptoms. A doctor may also use a skin biopsy to diagnose the skin condition.
Common Causes of Fungal Skin Infections
Fungal skin infections are caused by yeasts (such as Candida or Malassezia furfur) or dermatophytes. Dermatophytes comprise a large group of fungi including organisms in the genera Epidermophyton, Microsporidium, and Trichophyton. Many of these fungi’s only live on the outer layer of the epidermis and do not penetrate deeper.
Can Fungal Infections Be Prevented?
Not every fungal infection can be prevented, but several everyday habits can reduce your risk.
Keep Skin Clean and Dry
Pay particular attention to areas where sweat and moisture accumulate.
Dry carefully between your toes and around skin folds after showering.
Change Out of Sweaty Clothing
After exercise, change into clean, dry clothing rather than staying in damp gym clothes for extended periods.
Don't Share Towels
Use your own towels and wash them regularly.
This is particularly important if you or someone in your household has a contagious fungal infection.
Wear Breathable Clothing
Loose, breathable clothing can help reduce prolonged moisture and friction.
Wear Footwear in Communal Showers
Use appropriate footwear in communal wet areas such as gym showers, pools and change rooms.
Wash Workout Equipment
Clean equipment that regularly comes into contact with your skin.
This is particularly useful if you exercise frequently.
Can Fungal Infections Spread?
Yes.
Some fungal infections are contagious and can spread between people, animals and contaminated surfaces or personal items.
Ringworm, for example, can spread to other areas of your body and to other people.
If you have a confirmed contagious fungal infection, follow the hygiene and treatment advice provided by your healthcare professional.
What Should I do if I Think I Have a Fungal Infection?
We suggest seeing your local GP who can assess the fungal infection based on its appearance or through a skin biopsy. Once identified, your GP can then offer the best form of treatment.
Topical probiotic skincare like AMPERNA® helps calm and soothe irritated skin and also helps balance your skin microbiome. If you would like help with a regime specific to your skin concern, contact us. You may also like to sign up for Holistic Coaching.
Frequently Asked Questions About Fungal Skin Infections
What are the symptoms of a fungal skin infection?
Common symptoms can include itching, redness, scaling, dryness, cracking, discolouration and expanding patches. Symptoms vary depending on the type and location of the fungal infection.
How do I know if my rash is fungal?
You can't always tell from appearance alone. Fungal infections can resemble eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis and other skin conditions. If you're unsure, particularly if the rash is spreading or persistent, speak with a healthcare professional.
What does ringworm look like?
Ringworm commonly causes an expanding rash and may have a more noticeable edge. Despite its name, ringworm is a fungal infection and has nothing to do with worms.
Is tinea versicolor a fungal infection?
Yes. Tinea versicolor is a common yeast-related skin condition caused by an overgrowth of yeast that normally lives on the skin. It can cause lighter or darker patches, often on the chest, back and shoulders.
Can fungal skin infections go away on their own?
Some mild conditions may improve, but fungal infections often require appropriate antifungal treatment. Leaving a contagious fungal infection untreated can also allow it to spread.
How long does a fungal skin infection take to clear?
It depends on the type and location of the infection. Some superficial infections improve within a few weeks with appropriate treatment, while scalp and nail infections can take considerably longer.
Can fungal skin infections come back?
Yes. Some fungal conditions, particularly tinea versicolor, can recur when conditions become warm and humid. Preventative treatment may sometimes be recommended for people who experience frequent recurrences.
What is fungal acne?
“Fungal acne” is a popular term often used to describe Malassezia folliculitis. It isn't the same as conventional acne, and the two conditions can look similar. Professional assessment may be needed to determine what is causing the bumps.
Sources:
https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/fungal-infections-skin.
